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Compare Macau (2004) - Norfolk Island (2005)
Compare Macau (2004) z Norfolk Island (2005)
| Macau (2004) | Norfolk Island (2005) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (special administrative region of China) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595)
15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.) |
0-14 years: 20.2%
15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | vegetables, livestock | Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry |
| Airports | 1 (2003 est.) | 1 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 34.6 sq km
land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. | Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. |
| Birth rate | 8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA |
| Budget | revenues: $1.9 billion
expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002) |
revenues: $20 million
expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00) |
| Capital | - | Kingston |
| Climate | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers | subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 41 km | 32 km |
| Constitution | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" | Norfolk Island Act of 1979 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island
conventional short form: Norfolk Island |
| Currency | pataca (MOP) | - |
| Death rate | 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA |
| Debt - external | $121 million (2001 est.) | NA |
| Dependency status | special administrative region of China | territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (special administrative region of China) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | NA (1997) | NA |
| Economy - overview | Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism. | Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.688 billion kWh (2002) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 1 million kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 193 million kWh (2002) | - |
| Electricity - production | 1.611 billion kWh (2002) | NA kWh |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Bates 319 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other | descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians |
| Exchange rates | patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)
head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2% |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) |
| Exports - commodities | clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts | postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados |
| Exports - partners | US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003) | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller | three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.) |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.) | purchasing power parity - NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4% (2003 est.) | NA |
| Geographic coordinates | 22 10 N, 113 33 E | 29 02 S, 167 57 E |
| Geography - note | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland | most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated |
| Highways | total: 271 km
paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000) |
total: 80 km
paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) |
| Imports - commodities | clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods | NA |
| Imports - partners | China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003) | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe |
| Independence | none (special administrative region of China) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | NA |
| Industries | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys | tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | -2.6% (2003 est.) | NA |
| International organization participation | IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO | UPU |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA |
| Judicial branch | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region | Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions |
| Labor force | 214,000 (2002) | 1,345 |
| Labor force - by occupation | manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.) | tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% |
| Land boundaries | total: 0.34 km
regional border: China 0.34 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
| Languages | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) | English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system | based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 82.03 years
male: 79.2 years female: 84.99 years (2004 est.) |
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.) |
NA |
| Location | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | not specified | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | none | - |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day | Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) |
| Nationality | noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s) |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | typhoons (especially May to July) |
| Natural resources | NEGL | fish |
| Net migration rate | 4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA |
| Political parties and leaders | Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] | none |
| Population | 445,286 (July 2004 est.) | 1,828 (July 2005 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA |
| Population growth rate | 0.87% (2004 est.) | -0.01% (2005 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Macau | none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) |
| Religions | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) | Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment: adequate
domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 174,600 (2003) | 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 364,000 (2003) | 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (2003) | 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) |
| Terrain | generally flat | volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains |
| Total fertility rate | 0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.) | NA |
| Unemployment rate | 6.3% (2003) | 0% |
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